Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior

 Contents

Task: 1 (report1). 3

Introduction: 3

a)  Different organizational structure and culture: 3

b) Relationship between organizational structure and culture and the effect of both in organization’s performance: 4

c) Factors that influence individual behavior at workplace:

5

Conclusion: 6

Task 2: 6

Introduction: 6

A) Effectiveness of different leadership styles: 6

b) Organizational theory is linked to organizational management: 7

c) Theories that applied by the both organization: 8

d) Impact of different leadership styles are likely to have on the behavior of staff: 8

e) Different motivational theories: 9

F) Application of motivational theories in both organizations and practices: 10

g) Nature of Group and group behavior: 10

h) Factors that make a team effective: 11

i) Role of technology in success: 11

Conclusion: 12

References. 13

Task: 1 (report1)

Introduction:

Organizational structure is the direction of task allocation, responsibility allocation through etc. which organization wants to achieve its goal (Middleton, 2002). It shows the direction of commands managers takes to obtain organizational goal. On the other hand a system, this shares, values, assumption, and beliefs that governs how people have to behave in an organization. In this report, the author is going to show the contrast, relationship and compare different organizational issues between City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car

a)  Different organizational structure and culture:

Organizational culture and structure in City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Carare different in very aspects in City College the structure is flat. Teaching, administration, and human resource department are connected to each other to achieve organizational goal and directly take command from the principal Mr. wakefield.  As enterprise car Renal is one of the world largest company, it has a tall structure of commands. It have different managers at different level who take direction from their senior one.

Chain of command is short in City College but it is long in Enterprise Rent-a-Car. In city college command of flow comes only from principal but in Enterprise Rent-a-Car command comes from every stages of department based on which one will be better for the organization to attain its goals.

Breadth of control is high in company enterprise Car Rental as it is clear that being a large company in has great distance control from upper level to front line managers. In City College it is not similar with the Enterprise Rent-a-Car. Because principal directly control all the three departments are teaching, HRM and administration.

According to Charles Handy’s model of organizational culture different culture is being noticed in in different company:

1.      Power: power is centralized in City College but it is not much centralized in Enterprise Rent-a-Car. In Enterprise Rent-a-Car decision can be made by any managers of any level of the company for the betterment of providing better quality services to the customers to attain organizational goals and can share all those with seniors.

2.      Task culture: staffs of City College perform their task according to their department rules. In Enterprise Rent-a-Car staffs perform their jobs according to decision taken by managers to provide better service to their customers to obtain organizational aim.

3.      Person culture:  personal culture varies according to the participation of employee in decision making process in organization to achieve its goal. In City College personal culture is low because, there principal can only take decision in organization where staffs have little right to participate in decision making. Staffs of Enterprise Rent-a-Car have the opportunity to participate in decision making and can take and share their decision with the seniors to convey better service to the customers in order to achieve organizational goal.

4.      Role culture:  in this culture every employee delegate its roles and responsibilities according to their position in the City Collegend qualification. Staffs of Enterprise Rent-a-Car and City College have different role culture according to the structure of the organization.

b) Relationship between organizational structure and culture and the effect of both in organization’s performance:

Organizational culture largely depends on organizational structure. Sometimes it can be stated that organizational culture reflection of organizational structure (Robbins, 2003). Staffs of an organization behave according to the organization structure where they are working. If we look at City College it will be notified that staffs behavior in decision making is not significant as the principal and the board take all decisions in order to provide better service (teaching) for any student. Here in City College’s three departments share their experience. It is because of structural effect on the employee decision and the structure of the company of direction is flat.

In Enterprise Rent-a-Car it can be notified that it is a large City Collegend the structure of direction is large. And that’s why behavior of the staffs if different from the staffs of City College. here staffs of Enterprise Rent-a-Car can make and share decision to provide better service to their customers because decision comes from the upper level of management does to always be fruitful for providing consistently better service to the customers and That’s why it needs to consider the decision of lower level managers. 

 Both structure and culture have great influence in organizational performance. When organization have favorable structure for performance, its performance remains good. But in complex structure it is not easy for them to have better performance. If we look at City College, as it is a small organization and have a flat structure in directions, it can provide better service to their students. If it s structure were tall like Enterprise Rent-a-Car it will not be possible for them to provide better service to their students.

In Enterprise Rent-a-Car, for being a large company, it has a tall structure of direction and in every step; the managers have right to make decision to make their target achieved as well as organizational goals.

c) Factors that influence individual behavior at workplace:

Factors those influence the individual behavior are described below:

Leadership: Employee of an organization behaves according to the leaders behavior under whom they are working for. Staffs of company  A perform according to the direction comes from their principal  but in Enterprise Rent-a-Car managers can changes decision if the decision is no perfect for providing  better customer services and attain organizational target as well as managers personal target  (Sadler, 2003)

Work culture: work culture of an organization influence individual behavior in work place. Such as in City College staffs of three departments interact among themselves. (Ybema, et al., 2011)

Job responsibility: individual job responsibility at work will determine how individual behave at work. Staffs of City College’s job responsibility evaluated through department segmentation.

Relationship at work: individual always behave according to their relationship with their work.

Conclusion:

Organizational structure and organizational culture have a deep relation with each other. Organizational culture reflects the organizations structure in organization. It has been noticed that City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car both have different structure of direction and that’s why both company have not the same culture in workplace. Staffs of the both company influences through the structure and the culture of both company.

Task 2:

Introduction:

Leadership is the power to influence other to achieve his own goal. Motivation is process to stimulate the desire and energy of employees to perform a certain job (Sadler, 2003). When two or more members work to attain a certain goal we call it as a group. In this assignment the author is going to discuss about different motivational theories, different leadership styles, and different team work and their effects in organization.

A) Effectiveness of different leadership styles:

In an organization different leadership style can be noticed such as autocratic leadership, team leadership, democratic leadership style, strategic leadership style, transformational leadership, cross culture leadership, laissez fair leadership etc. (Tracy, 2014)

 In Autocratic leader only the leaders have the right to make any decision in an organization and the subordinate have to follow the order within the criterion of in order to achieve organizational goal (Sadler, 2003). In the case autocratic leadership can be noticed in City College as we can see that all decisions are made by the principal of the college.

 In team leadership, leader works as a team members of the group to attain organizational goal. There are leader consider the opinion of other team members. Staffs of company of different department work together as a team.

Democratic leaders make their decision considering all the opinions of others subordinates and choose the best one. In this leadership style employees have the right in participating in decision making. Enterprise Rent-a-Car uses these kinds of leadership in decision making.

Potentiality of managers to create strategic visions for organization or for any department of organization by which employees can be motivated to achieve this strategic vision of the organization can be come out through the strategic leadership. In Enterprise Rent-a-Car regional managers have the right to make strategic decision to achieve organizational as well as managers own targets.

Leaders perform their job with subordinates and discussed needed changed and implementation of changes in organization in transformational leadership. In Enterprise Rent-a-Car upper level managers consider the opinion of front line mangers and try to choose the best one which will be favorable in achieving organizational goals.

b) Organizational theory is linked to organizational management:

Two different companies in the case City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car use different leadership in organization management. Leadership in City College is approximately similar to the autocratic leadership. It can be noticed that the principal of the college have the only right to make decision to make decision in decision about how three department work to deliver better service to the students comes from different organizations. Staffs of City College of different department’s works together and practice team leadership in the organization (Tracy, 2014)

In Enterprise Rent-a-Car it can be noticed that both democratic and informative leadership. High-level managers discuss their decision with the front line managers which is a symptom of democratic leadership. , laissez fair leadership is also applied here as managers have the right to make regional decisions which may be contradictory to the decision of higher level managers but beneficial for providing better customer services and achieving organizational goal in Enterprise Rent-a-Car. While recruiting employees for the Enterprise Rent-a-Car, administrator looks for leadership quality in the candidates for bringing up new leaders in the company who will work for better for the improvement of the company in future.

c) Theories that applied by the both organization:

Both company use different types of leadership in the organization to achieve their own goals. Earlier different kind of leadership has been described. Both companies use leadership from there.

In City College, leaders use one kinds of autocratic leadership in the organization. As we can see that the principal of the college make decision about how to perform in all three departments to deliver better service to their students who have came from different environment.  Team leadership among the leaders of different department can also be noticed in the City College as they share their information within the organization to achieve same organizational goal.

In Enterprise Rent-a-Car, leaders use one kind of democratic leadership in the organization. As we can see that for being a huge organization upper level managers like to ensure participation of front line managers for evaluating decisions and find out effective decisions for the organization to provide better service to the customers. Laissez fair leadership has been applied by the regional managers of the Enterprise Rent-a-Car where upper level managers give no presser to the regional mangers for making the their own decisions for regional purpose for providing better service to the customers and achieving their own target as well as organizational aim.

d) Impact of different leadership styles are likely to have on the behavior of staff:

 Staff’s behaviors of both organizations have been greatly influenced by leadership styles. Employees always behave according to their leader’s direction style. If the leader is an autocratic leader, workers perform their job in fear of punishment from the organization. When they work under democratic leadership every employee will be delighted to take participation in decision making. So it is clear that staffs always behave according to behavior of the leadership style under which they are working for the organization.

Staffs of City College have a great influence in their behavior such as staffs of different department works together as a team. In Enterprise Rent-a-Car, as upper level managers practice one kind of democratic leadership in the company that’s why the front line managers can take participation in decision making process. As the organization tries to find out the leadership qualities from employees, it helps the employees to show their creativity while making any leadership decision. in recruiting employees for the organization, they search to find out the quality of leadership from the employees and as they give promotion for the excellent performance , employees tries to show up their leadership quality and creativity  in the organization.

 e) Different motivational theories:

Motivation is a process that stimulates the desire or energy for a certain job. Leaders apply different kinds of motivational theories to motivate their subordinate to perform a certain job.

Such as hertzberg’s two factors theory. X and Y theories, maslow’s hierarchy needs theory, expectancy theory etc. (Tracy, 2013)

in maslow’s hierarchy of needs theories employees needs classified into five categories which are Physiological, social, safety, esteem and self actualization. Here motivational factors start with the physical needs and ends with self actualization factors such as desire to achieve everything which makes him different from others. This theory may works as effective motivational theories for City College and less effective for Enterprise Rent-a-Car.

X theory thinks always negative while Y theory thinks positive. X theory assume that workers are lazy. They don’t like to work while y theory assumes that all employees like to work and they are hard worker and aim oriented. Based on the assumption motivation factors depend. This theory will not be much more effective for both organizations.

Hertzberg’s theory of motivation divided the motivational factors into two parts, one motivator factors and hygiene factors (Ross, 2014). It will be suitable for Enterprise Rent-a-Car by using motivator factors on the employees and hygiene factors will be used upon manager as motivational factors.

Expectancy theory works on expected value of the worker. It uses expectation of employees as motivational factors. Employee expectation from organization of their job works as motivational factors. In both company this theory can be used for motivation of employees.  

F) Application of motivational theories in both organizations and practices:

Different motivational theory that has been described earlier, from those motivational theories some of those can be used a motivational factors for both company.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is applicable effectively for City College. Staffs of City College can be motivated through the five classified motivational factors of needs. At first the company has to identify the need of their staffs at different stage of the company, then define category of each. After classifying their needs motivational factors should be applied according to their class of needs. In Enterprise Rent-a-Car the application is same as City College.

Theory of X and Y can be applied through classifying the characters of the workers in both companies. At first we have to determine the nature of the worker whether they like to work or not. If the result is negative then negative factors should be applied. If the result is positive then positive factors of motivation should applied. (Ross, 2014)

In application of expectancy theory in both companies at first the expectation of employees in every level of the organization should be determined. Then motivational factors should be applied according to their expectation from the company.

Hertzberg two factors of motivation can be upon the employee of both companies for motivational purpose. For this employees should be classified based on the needs of employee whether it is motivator or hygienic.

g) Nature of Group and group behavior:

When two or more people interact with each other to do a certain job it is called as a group. The all members of a group has same goal, which they all want to achieve. Group or team works as individual worker. In both company we can see group work in both company.  There are three departments in City College. All the staff of three department interact with each other while performing their job. They work as group in the organization. Main purpose of all the staffs is providing better service to their students.

Upper level managers and lower level managers work as a group in decision making. The main purpose of that group is to achieve organizational goal at any cost and provide effective customers services.  Besides all managers have participation indecision making is also an aspects of a group.

h) Factors that make a team effective:

 Factors that can make a group effective are:

1.      Cohesiveness: how the group members are connected with each other.

2.      Communication: to have an effective group effective communication should be maintained within the team members

3.      Groupthink: all member of group approximately should be similar with each other that’s why conflict should not appeared in a group.

4.      Homogeneity: all team workers are expected to be of same nature.

5.      Role identity: role must be assigned to all the member of a team.

6.      Stability: stability between team members and leaders is significant.

7.      Team size: in different circumstances different team size is effective.

i) Role of technology in success:

In today business world, success is impossible without using technology. Use of technology in every sector of business is significant. It is same useful for both business and non business organization. Use of technology is important in educational institution also. Rapid business growth is not possible without using technology. In has same significance for manufacturing company, treading City Colleges well as in Service Company.

City College is an educational institute and here for being an educational institute its staffs or teacher have to provide with updated educational instrument to the students. So use of technology is important here. Using best technology is also significant for better performance in administration department and HRM department.

As Enterprise Rent-a-Car is one of the largest service provider of rent car in the world, using better technology to communicate with the branches is significant. If better technology is not used there will be some gap between main office and branch offices which will retain organizational success.

Conclusion:

Leader gives directions to the workers of an organization and motivates then to work hard to achieve the goal, which the whole organization wants to achieve. Actual organizations success is the results of the all worker performance. So to make an organization successful at first we need good leaders who can lead the workers of the organization and motivational factors can be applied to encourage the worker to perform task and achieve organizational goals. Group work is also important for success of an organization.

Reference