Assignment on Psychology in Health and
Social Care
Psychology is a big field that
surrounded the study of human behavior, thought, development, emotion,
motivation, personality and others. It is the science of mind and behavior. This
is an academic subject and a social science that seeks to indentify particulars
and groups by making basic principles and researching selective field. The
deeper researcher who gain to understanding of psychology can help people
achieve insights into own activities like as a better understanding of others. Psychology
investigate the human behavior and mental process such as cognition,
perception, attention, intelligence, phenomenology, brain functioning and personality.
In this assignment, it will be descried the different theories of lifespan
development and related with life stages, social and biological factors of
human behavior in health and social care, social roles and context, mental
health disorder and relationship with different filed in psychology.
Task 1
AC 1.1 Compare different psychological
theories of lifespan development:
The study of lifespan development and
its stages is an integral part of the process of psychological theory with consideration
to human development. There are
different changes in human life from birth to death. Here are some different
psychological theories that influence of lifespan developing in human being
such as behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic and humanistic.
Behavioral
Theory:
The famous psychologist Eric Ericson is
the founder of behavioral theory. There are eight stages in this theory which a
healthily developing human pass from infancy to late adulthood. Every stages
change the person confronts from the opening to ending (Poulton, 2010). In this below described the stages of behavioral
theory of Eric Ericson:
Infancy: Infancy stage consists of o to 23
months. It the primary stages in human development. In this stage, the children
can feed and abandonment by their mother. There are good relationship makes
between mother and child in this age (Ogden, 2007).
Early
Childhood: this stage
is start from the age of 2 years and end the age of 4 years. In this stage, the
child can take training about use of toilet and clothing themselves from their
parents. This is the right environment of mind development of children.
Pre-school
Age: the duration of this stage is 4 to 5
years. In this age, the children gain the mental development and virtues of the
purposes. This is the perfect time of playing different types of games in
indoor and outdoor in home. The children can do their essential work such as
take food, taking bath, toilet in this age
(Poulton, 2010).
School
Age: This is the age of primary education
for the children. This ages start from 5 and end of the age of 12 years. In
this age, the children go to the school and gain the basic subject of knowledge.
The competence virtues accessed during this age.
Adolescence: the duration of adolescence age is 13
to 19 years. In this age, the man and woman try to understand who they are and what
can they do? It is the perfect time to make relationship in society. There are
some virtues accessed such as peers, role of model in this age.
Early
Adulthood: This age
start in 20 years and ending at the age of 39 years. This is the age of
romantic relationship between man and woman. There are many friends and
partners makes during this age (Poulton,
2010).
Adulthood: This is the perfect age of adult.
This age begins from the age of 40 years and ending of 64 years. In this age,
the people work in their household work with their workmates. As well as there
are some problem happened that harm in the body during this stage.
Maturity: It is the age of human wisdom. The
duration at this age is 65 to death. In this age, the people make reflect on
their life. This theory focuses on the dynamic relationship between the
conscious minds and explores how these psychological forces might relate to
early childhood experiences (Friedman, 2013).
Cognitive
Theory:
Jean Piaget is the founder of cognitive
development theory. He believed that intelligence is working fundamental role
that the human to indentify the environment and adapt to it. He also described
the four main stages of cognitive development (Coulter, 2014). Here are these stages:
a)
The
sensor motor stage from birth to the age of 2 years.
b)
The
preoperational stage from the age of 2 to about 7 years.
c)
The
concrete operational stage from age of 7 to 11 years.
d)
The
formal operational stage that starts in adolescence and spans into adulthood (Coulter, 2014).
Psychodynamic
theory:
The famous psychologist Sigmund Freud
is the founder of psychodynamic theory. This theory focuses on the dynamic
relationship between the conscious minds and explores how these psychological
forces might relate to early childhood experiences (Bienenfeld, 2006). Freud
believed that each of us must pass through a series of stage during childhood.
If the people lack proper nurturing during individual stage, they may become
stuck or fixed in the stage (Higdon and
Higdon, 2012). There are five stages includes in Freud psychodynamic model
of development such as oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital. In this below
describe this stages:
Oral
Stage: It is the
fundamental stage of human life. The duration in this stage is 0 to 1 year. In
this stage, the children can want anything only by the sensor of mouth. The
children cannot do anything without their mouth. In this way, the children
called their parents attract people and play games (Higdon and Higdon, 2012).
Anal
Stage: This is the
age of 1 to 2 years. During this age, the children can move by their leg and
try to standup. This is the age of moving body of the children and making the
whole body. The children play game and called their parents and family members
during this age (Bienenfeld, 2006).
Phallic
Stage: This stage
consists of age 3 to 5 years. In this age, the children take care to improve
characteristics of the same sex parents. This age focus on the genital as
pleasure seeking areas of the body.
Latent
Stage: This age
begins from the ages of 6 and end of the ages of 11 years. In this age, the sex
is very few and there is no pleasure seeking of the body.
Genital
Stage: It is the
fifth stage of psychodynamic that spans puberty by adult life and thus
represents most of a life (Bienenfeld, 2006).
Borden (2009) refers that
Psychodynamic is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of
the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings and emotions
and how they might relate to early experience. It is making and building adult
mentality and behavior in subconscious way. It is especially interested in the
dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious motivation.
There are different ideas in case of behavioral approach and it grows by
different phases and stages. This approach refers to that human childhood
behavior and expertise makes and effect by human life in the process of
unconscious.
In addition to, behavioral approach is
a technical process and that the behavior influence by other person. Psychodynamic
process is an approach that rejects unconsciousness and it is regarded as a low
process of behavior. Behavioral process I link with the self activities and
human general nature (Borden, 2009).
Task: 2
AC 2.1 Explain social and biological
factors that influence human behavior:
Human behavior connected to the display
to every psychical activities and detectable emotion focused with individual as
well as the human contest as a whole. This is the reason for social and
biological factors that influence human behavior. This behavior changes in different
environment and stages in life. In this
below explain social and biological factors that influence human behavior:
Social
factors: the social
factors can influence human behavior during various stages in life circle. At
the baby stage, the children learn in the social environment following what
they obverse. In this age, they are not
able to follow the proper way. So the parent directs them to the right way to
walk. Social factors of educational level, culture, occupation of the parents
and other adults are playing the importance role during this age. At the younger age, they make relation with
the society and observe what they do for their life. Parents work, culture, occupation and behavior
followed by their children during this stage. The family is the best place for
directing the right way to walk for the children. In younger stage, they would
like to indentify the world and find thinks about their inertest. Then it comes
to adult and married. This can be influence by social factors by providing good
relationship with husband and wife and also their children (Nolan, Burgess and Shaw, 2011).
Biological
factors: It is very
important factors that influence in human behavior. Neurobiological development
is continually influenced by the psychological and physical environment in life
span. Genetics is deeply affected by the human behavior. Genetic drags prepare a factor on the human
behavior. This is very important factor that influence in human behavior. There
are different types of people in the world. Most of the people are separate by
their genetic factors. For this reason, several people are wounded before birth
and several people are very strong by their power (Jorde, Carey and Bamshad, 2010).
AC 2.2 Analyze the important of social
roles in providing comprehensive approach to patient care:
Social roles are the behaviors one
exhibits as a result of being in a social environment. These behaviors vary
depending on the situation and the individual. Social roles follows the problem
solve of whole behavior that are habitual the other associate of the society (Friedman and
DiMatteo, 1989). In health and social care setting, the social roles
make a great impact of the context of psychology.
There is a general process that human turn
into the lifespan development. There are also several negative impacts of aging
like as nutritional deficiency caused by rejection of nutrients, heart loss
with different types of physical reason by the life, slow down the metabolic
process and imbalance hormone situations. In health and social care setting,
psychical and mental health is very important for providing comprehensive
approach to patient care. A man can explain and make out the demand of contract
that can distinguish the particular attention and vital point in social roles
services (Friedman
and DiMatteo, 1989).
Task 3
AC 3.1 Analyze the application of
psychological theories to individuals experiencing elevated levels of stress
related with work relation, illness and chronic illness:
According to Murphy (2010) if the people cannot
understand what to do in the complex environment is known stress. Win can
influence the human mind. For this reason, there are some objects that happened
of the stress. Such as not adapt in the environment, unsatisfied with job
condition, unfavorable the home place, burden of work, not satisfied by
workmates, duration of working hours, verification in measuring the work
performance etc. This is very big problem for the working people in the
workplace and where he or she stays there. This procedure is negative to the
heart of the people. This reason can affect on the human behavior and it can
influence dangerously in the body that leads several unexpected harmful actions
such as pressure increase in mind, suicide, family disorder, break relationship,
affect on drug addiction, heart attack, neighbor disturbance and many other
disease can impact on the human body. In this below described about work
relation, illness and chronic illness in psychological theories:
Work
Relation: Work
related stress is the response people may have when presented with work demands
and pressures that are not adapted to their knowledge and which challenge their
capability. The work related stress can be developed by the situation of good
workplace, workloads, long working hour and less rest. Stress occurs in a long
range of work situation but it often made worse when worker feel they have a
little supported from the supervisors and colleague. The effective management
is a reason of this stress that cans development stress in the work place. According to the Eric Ericson, it helps to observe
how much different from the present to past of traits (Barr, 2008).
Illness: Illness is very important stress in
the psychological theories. The illness has happened in many different way and
that affect in the human body. There are many diseases are poorly affected in
the human behavior. This stress has strong dangerous that impact on human body.
This can lead a man to heart attack and several heart problems. Illness stress
generally impact of the internal and external of human disorder. For this
reason, it can be modified by the process of different psychological theory.
Chronic
Stress: Chronic stress is basically the negative
notion to severe stress. There are different diseases such as heart attack, dry
mouth are easily effect of the human behavior. This is the way of health causes
the accentuation to human being. In this process, Eric Ericson mentioned mid
adulthood health condition as the cause of this stress. On the other hand,
Sigmund Freud use the personal disorder term in this stress (Barr, 2008).
Human
behaviors can changes in different environment from the early birth to the death.
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia can be most challenging
problems that caregivers face in health and social care. The basis of all
successful management is careful definition of the problem and monitoring of
interventions for effects and side effects in order to maximize the function of
the patient and minimize the stress to the caregiver (Poulton, 2010).
In
this process, Attend Deficit Disorder creates badly effect to the toddler and
this is makes the different in human behavioral point. This is the common in
children and teenager. There are different symptoms can affect in adult age and
the environmental factors can cause it. For example, there is a big problem
happened in smoking cigarette and alcohol during the pregnancy that can effect
in attention deficit disorders in children behavior. To remove this process,
there are two ways to solve this problem like as psychotherapy treatment and
medications treatment (Poulton, 2010).
There are different factors helps to understand
mental health disorder in psychological theory such as neurosis, psychosis,
depression, schizophrenia etc. in this below describe the mental disorder in
psychological theory:
Psychosis: It is the characterized by an
impaired relationship with reality and it is very badly effect of the human
mind. It is a symptom of serious mental disorder. There are different causes
happened this psychosis such as genetics, brain changes, hormones etc. Hallucinations
and delusions are the symbol of psychosis. Psychosis is classically related with
schizophrenia spectrum disorders and while there are other symptoms one of the
defining criteria for schizophrenia in the presence of psychosis (Nolan, Burgess
and Shaw, 2011).
Depression: The depressive disorder is not a
passing blue mood but rather persistent feelings of sadness and worthlessness
and lack of desire to engage in formerly pleasure activities. This is an
illness that involves the body, mood and thoughts. It interferes with normal functioning,
daily life and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and those who
care about him or her (Nolan, Burgess and Shaw, 2011).
3.4 Evaluate the application of psychological principles to
affect the behavior change in health and social care setting:
Psychosis is the most effective
psychological principles to affect the behavior change in health and social
care setting. This is the very critical human mental problem in human mind. This
problem cannot understand completely to the exiting things in the closed place.
There are several effects for psychosis. For example, hallucination is very
effective problem that make damage the human emotion, feelings etc. On the
other hand, health and social care is very effective factors of human lifespan
and improving human behavior. There are some treatments for removing the
problem such as antiseptic medication that help for the remedy of psychosis problem (Edberg, 2007).
AC 3.5 Analyze how psychological theories help to improve
the relationship between health and social care:
In health and social care setting,
depth psychology, resistances, neutrality of the therapy are the most effective
theories that improve the relationship. All these theories are connected with
the health behavior and education behavior.
Several theories help to understand the connection with in workplace, family
and friends. This behavior changes rely on the different folks and social
consequences. For instance, if the situation and working place of the
individual is good then the mental satisfaction of a person is better in
workplace (Stroebe,
2011).
But if the working pace is not good for
working and adapting then the person cannot mutual this environment. For this
reason, the internal and external value can be damages and the person cannot
stay here. There are different mental
disorder happened in human behavior from different stage. For example, the
childhood and the adulthood are not same ages. In this case, there are
different changes happened in human behavior. The psychological theories can
help to development in this stage of the human behavior (Boys and Michie, 2007).
Conclusion: In this assignment, it has been
elaborately descried the psychological deal with human in various mental
activities in health and social care setting. This is the speedy science that
related to human behavior. There are several theories that work to indentify
the psychological activities, making social relation with other and communicate
with people in the social environment.
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