Organizational Behavior
Introduction:
Organizational behavior is the study of
working people in the organizations and also about how they work, think and
behave and the impact of their performance within the definite organizations.
This also the way of knowing and understanding how the human resources interact
among them. Organizational behavior is also the matter of examining of human
behavior in the working environment. In this assignment about the structures,
cultures, leadership styles, individual’s behavior, motivation theories related
to the case study will be discussed.
Task 01
LO1
1.1 Comparison and contrasting of
different organizational structures and cultures for two organizations:
Here the two selected companies are
City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car.
Basically City College follows flat
organizational structure. As there are some departments like as human resource
development department, teaching department administration department flat
structure is best suited. Flat structure refers to the companies having some
layers of departments which are common scenario in City College (Hayes, et al,, 2013).
Enterprise Rent-a-Car is a big company
with millions of cars and it provide services towards many customers. This
company has many departments and there are many departments and strong
hierarchy. There is mainly followed tall organizational structure.
There is less visibility of chain of
command in City College. Each of the orders is come from the desk of Principal
Mr. Wakefield. On the other hand there is appearance of chain of command in
Enterprise Rent-a-Car. There are many departments and the managers and
employees have to follow their superior’s orders.
In addition to, there is less breadth
control in the mechanism of Enterprise Rent-a-Car, as there are long distances
among various kinds of hierarchal stages (Hayes, et al,
2013). On the contrary, only principal is the responsible for all
kinds of works in City College, so there is strong control of the principal.
Culture:
One the basis of the Charles Handy’s
model of organizational culture, there are some kinds of cultures within the
organizational structures.
a)
Power:
The culture of holding power is much more centralized in City College than that
of Enterprise Rent-a-Car (Keyton, 2011).
b)
Task
culture: In City College, employees do their works according to their
departmental rules and regulation. On the contrary, many managers from many
stages order to their employees and exercise less power.
c)
Role
culture: According to the rested responsibilities and duties, the employees of
City College perform their work. On the contrary, according to the hierarchy the
people of Enterprise Rent-a-Car perform their activities.
According to the Edger Schein’s Iceberg
model, there are some important elements, such as-
a)
Artifacts:
This is about the existing scenarios of any organization. City College so much
formalities in carrying out activities.
b)
Values:
The staffs of City College hold values and wonderful outlooks so much. They are
normative much.
c)
Assumed
values: This is referred to the some hidden things those actually influence the
organizations. In case of Enterprise Rent-a-Car that is most visible. In this
organization, belief of serving people can be great example (Keyton, 2011).
1.2 Explaining the relationship between
organizational structure and culture and the effect of both in organization’s
performance:
In case of any kind of organization,
structure is very much important matter. Following the structure, the existing
culture within an organization plays very important role. Organizational
culture depends in great extent on organizational structure.
If in any organization there is strong
hierarchal structure and there are obligations of lots of rules and
regulations, then the organizational culture will be undoubtedly very rigid and
rude. The task culture and the person culture as well as the role culture will be
difficult to be done. It can be exemplified by Enterprise Rent-a-Car Company (Sierk, DvoraYanow and Ida, 2011).
If there are less hierarchy and fewer
difficulties, then the working culture as well as the organizational culture
will be smooth and easy in some extent. There will be highly presence of value
and assumed value and good person culture will prevail there.
In case of City College, there is great
effect of structure and culture. As the Company follows flat structure and good
task culture; the organization can provide good service towards the customers.
On the other side, Enterprise-Rent-a Car follows tall structure and strong
artifacts, so it cannot manage everything properly (Sierk,
DvoraYanow and Ida, 2011).
1.3 Evaluation of the factors that
influence individual behavior at workplace:
Individuals are the key factor in case
of any kind of organization. Individual refers to the things what is behaved
and the way through which they work. The factors influencing on the
individual’s behavior at workplace are given below:
Personality:
In terms of individual’s behavior,
personality is very important matter. The personal qualities such as personal
trait, choice, mentality, thoughts and willingness can influence the
individual’s behavior greatly (Robbins, 2017).
Command:
In the organizations like City College
and Enterprise Rent-a-Car, individuals work according to the gotten command
from the top level. If the command is appropriate, then the employees can do
work very easily.
Working culture:
This is also very important factor. If
the working culture is positive and the employees can interact among
themselves, then the work will be easy to be done by them. This is most visible
in City College.
Relationship:
If the existing relationship among the
managers and the staffs is positive, then it is very easy to do the given tasks
to the employees. The can be very responsive.
Job responsibilities:
The given job related responsibilities
usually make fix, how actually they will behave towards the work (Robbins, 2017).
In this way the individual’s behavior
can be influenced in Enterprise Rent-a-Car and City College.
Task 02
LO2
2.1 Comparison the effectiveness of the
leadership styles and their impact on the organizations:
Here are various types of leadership
styles and their impact on both City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Care are
illustrated below:
Autocratic leadership:
Autocratic leadership is the way of
exercising the power in the organizations coercively and according to the
willingness of the leaders. There is no any chance of presenting the choices
and opinions of the other members within the organizations (Adair, 2002). If this type of leadership is followed
in the Enterprise Rent-a-Car and City College, then the employees and the other
stakeholders can be depressed. But in case of the emergency moment, this
leadership can be very effective.
Democratic leadership:
In democratic leadership, there is
chance to consider the all kinds of choices, opinions and the preferences of
all the stakeholders within the organizations. In case of City College, the
organization can be benefited in large extent. The departmental managers can
reflect their opinion and the organizations can be smoothly run.
Enterprise-Rent-a-Car can also be benefited also.
Laissez faire:
This is the way; there is no strong
role of the manager of himself. The managers play role just like the other
members and take decisions according to the opinion of the other members. In
this leadership style, both of the organizations can be both benefited and not
benefited. Sometimes the employees do not want to work willingly within this style(Adair, 2002).
2.2 Explaining how organizational
theory is linked to the style of management and their practice:
There is some important organizational
theory that is directly or indirectly linked to the management of Enterprise
Rent-a-Car and City College organizations, they are Taylor’s scientific
management, Fayol’s administrative theory and Webber’s bureaucratic theory.
Those are illustrated below:
Taylor’s scientific theory is very much
important theory in case of any kind of organization. This is the newer form of
idea which stretches the notion of the newer form of management. This is the
way of coming out from classical management styles. In this theory the wants
and the demands of the employees can be highlighted and valued. In both City
College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car, this new modern way management can be followed (Enterprise, 2017).
Another theory named administrative
management theory. In this kind of theory there are presence of division of
labor, delegation and formal administrative structure. This theory can lead to
the effective management of both Enterprise Rent-a-Car and City College by
following division of labor and delegation of power.
Another theory is Webber’s
administrative theory. This is about the way of managing the organizations by
the way of hierarchal decision making process. In this kind of theory there is
high amount of the specialization of the employees according to their
qualities. City College can use the specialization way in organization very
smoothly to manage the activities (Robbins
& Judge, 2008).
2.3 Evaluating different management
approaches used by City College and Enterprise:
There are some kinds of management
approaches which are evaluated below:
Decision theory approach:
This is mainly the process of making
different kinds of decision. Generally decision making process is regarded as
the basis of doing any kinds of activities. Following that the managers usually
perform their work. But in many cases the focus of this theory is very narrow.
In case of City College the decisions can be made by the principle and then the
work can be done (Mullins, 2007).
Sociotechnical System approach:
This approach narrates that technical
system of the organizations has strong influence on social system. This
approach usually refers to the high amount of production and rendering mass
area of service to the customers. But sometimes it prioritizes on the lower
level operational activities while disregarding the higher level. This
wonderful can be satisfactory for Enterprise Rent-a-Car in providing high area
of service.
Contingency approach:
This approach is mainly about the
combination of all the organizational theories. In this approach there is no
any specific plan of the managers but they take decisions considering all the
incidents of both internal and external environment. This is can be very
effective in giving the car service to the people. Then at the matter of unexpected
situation of Enterprise-Rent-Car Company, the approach can be beneficial (Mullins, 2007).
LO3
AC 3.1 Discuss the impact that styles
are likely to have on the behavior of staff at City College and Enterprise:
Here are
different types of leadership styles that impact on the behavior of staff at
City College and Enterprise:
Autocratic Leadership:
In autocratic leadership, leaders lead team
and maintain all activities of the team members. An autocratic leader can
change any decision of organization. The manger or leader can only take the
decision of organization in this leadership. If a leader is an autocratic
leader, he can observe the employees performance in fear of punishment from the
organization. There are several countries allow to autocratic leadership like
as North Korea, Cuba etc.
Transformational Leadership:
This kind of
leadership is the style of high level of communication. It makes the goals and
vision for the organization. The transformational leader tries to make their
goals and facilities to give their subordinate for better performance. It also
helps to providing benefits for the people as well the employees (Giuliani and Kurson, 2007).
Transactional Leadership:
This kind of
leadership makes the management system more effective and efficiency. In this
style, the team member can share their innovative idea with their leader and
the leader can accept for better performance.
The staffs of
City College have a great influence in their behavior like as staffs of various
departments who are work together in a team. The high level mangers of
Enterprise Rent-a –Car can practice one kind of democratic leadership. In this
process, the front line managers can take right decision what the company’s
needs(Giuliani and Kurson, 2007).
AC: 3.2 compare the application of the
different motivational theories:
Motivational theory is the process that
brings to consequence the desire for a certain job. In this below, compare two important
motivational theories (Maslow’s and Herzberg’s) that Enterprise Rent-a-Car and
City College might adopt and discuss what effects this would have on their respective
workplaces:
Category
|
Maslow’s
|
Herzberg’s
|
Introduction
|
The fundamental of Maslow’s theory is based on the hierarchy of ethnic needs.
Five sets (psychology, sociology, safety, esteem and actualization) involved
in human needs and their satisfaction. It motivated for the worker in their
workplace.
|
It based on the hygiene factors and motivating
factors. Motivating factors help to motivate the employees in workplace. For
example, City College can apply this theory to motivate their staffs.
|
Nature of theory
|
This is based on the human needs with more
experience what why the nature of this theory is very simple and easy.
|
The nature of Herzberg’s theory is very comparative and hard and it use
in efficiency to motivate the employees.
|
Applicability of theory
|
This is very effective to motivate the workers and
the applicability of this theory is very popular (Maslow, 2014).
|
This is the spread of Herzberg’s theory of motivation (Gawel, 1997).
|
X and Y theory is another
motivational theory where X theory thinks always negative while Y theory thinks
positive.
Mcreynolds (2012) Motivational
theories help to increase the workforce of the employees and improve the
production acceptability. The management can apply these types of theories for
development of City College and Enterprise’s. The most popular theories are Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s motivation and hygiene theory and X and Y
theory. Here are some benefits of City College and Enterprise’s management:
Promotion:
When the management cares about the employee’s
performance, then the employees work dedicatedly. Sothe management can promote
the selective workers who are performed better in work place (Mcreynolds, 2012).
Security:
The management must ensure about
the security and save the life of employees in their workplace. When an
employee secured about his life, health and food then he gives better service
in the workplace.
Liberty in Workplace:
The management must ensure the equal
facilities for the all employees and gives the liberty in their workplace.
Pension:
The management should organize the
financial security or pension after ending job.
Monitoring:
The management observes and
monitoring all the task of the organization and take the necessary steps where
it need.
Working Environment:
The management manages the good
environment of working condition for employees. The employee’s preferable place
is very important for workplace (Mcreynolds, 2012).
City College and Enterprise’s uses
the motivational theories for the working condition and it helps to improve the
security of employees, motivates them, company policy monitoring the all
development process, life and food security for employees and reward for the
employees.
LO4
4.1 Explain the
nature of groups and group behavior within the workforces of City College and
Enterprise’s:
Group and team
are very effective factors in any types of organization. A team is a group of
people having collective distinguish get together to achieve a goal. In a team,
there are many leader stay within organization. The members of team can share
and work with independently. On the other side, the group is a collection of
particulars who work together to finish the task of the organization (King, 2016).
Group and team
works as the particular workers in workplace. By the scenario, it has been seen
that group work connected with City College and Enterprise. There are three
departments of City College such as teaching department, human resource
department and Administrative department. All the staffs of three departments
interact with each others. The main object of City College staff’s is to
provide good services for the all student. The group development depends on
storming, norming, forming, performing and adjourning. On the other hand,
Enterprise Rent-a-Car depends on the growth of the business and greater
profitability. City College and Enterprise’s must concern about the work to
improve the group behavior such as develop the employee’s skills, improve the
product quality, aware of student’s depression, increase the motivation,
training the employees etc(King, 2016).
4.2 Factors
that make a team effective and the factors that threaten the success and the
effectiveness of a team:
According to Wellington (2011) There are some
important factors that affect an effective team like as leadership, team size,
individual skills, diversity, communications etc. when the team members are
very active to work then the team will be achieve the prospected target from
the organization. Here are some factors that can make a group effective in
workplace:
Communication:
Good
communication is the best way to make relation with others. The team members
can share their innovative idea and the company can accept it for the
improvement of their product and servicers. For example, Enterprise’s makes
good idea by the member’s communication.
Leadership:
To development
of effective teamwork, leadership is the most valuable factors in an
organization. Good leaders are very concern about the development of the
organization. They observe all tasks and solved the problem where it needed (Wellington, 2011).
Team Size:
In effective
teamwork, there are needs to a balanced team size for better performance. All
the members are concern about their duty and responsibility and make sure about
finishing the work. For example, City College can a balanced group more than 10
people and perform their duty.
Individuals Skills:
The good skills
of employees help to improve the organization such as motivational skills, own
behavior skills, good communication skills etc.
There are some
threaten factors behind the success and effectiveness of a team such as poor
communication, unclear goals, ego problem, lake of managerial involvement, weak
leadership, groupthink etc(Wellington, 2011). So City College and Enterprise’s
must remove this threaten factors to make effective team.
At the present
business world, the success cannot imagine without technology. Technology has
become an effective and integral part of every business plan.Use of technology
in City College and Enterprise’s is very important to success in business (Salazar and Sawyer, 2007).
In the team
functioning of City College and Enterprise’s, there are great impacts of
technology behind the success of these organizations. If the new technology use
in team function, then the team to be more energetic and improve the quality. Team
function depends on good working and activities of energetic employees in the
organizations. For example, when City College uses the technology such as
digital clock and camera, then they see the times and secured their student
from the external activates.
So, the
security of technology is very important issue in the current business. For
example, Enterprise’s rent-a-Car uses new technology to stay the security in
their IT sectors. All the important data and information storages in IT sector
for security purposes. Communication can growth by use this technology with
other countries (Salazar and Sawyer, 2007).
Organizational
behavior is very important part in developing success in business. Leaders
focused the guidelines to the employees of the organization then they motivate
to systematic work for achievement the goals. Actually the organizational
success depends on the working performance of employees. At the ending of this
assignment, it has been said that all types of structure and culture are the
vital role for improving an organization.
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